How should I research a company before approaching them for sponsorship?

Know about the company and the industry they participate in. Educate yourself on where they fit within their competitive set - for example, how did they perform against their peers in recent industry rankings? Know the company's fiscal year because timing matters - Japanese companies often start their fiscal year on April 1, while most American companies follow a calendar year. Understanding these details shows you're knowledgeable and serious about the partnership.